Roof Types and Roofing Terminology Explained

What Are the Parts of a Roof Called?

Understanding a few common roofing terms makes it much easier to compare timber garages, workshops, stables and garden buildings.

Below you'll find the main parts of a pitched roof and what they do.

What Is a Ridge?

The ridge is the highest point of a pitched roof where the two roof slopes meet. Ridge tiles or ridge cappings are fitted along the top to protect the joint and help keep water out.

On a timber building, the ridge also forms part of the main roof structure and supports the rafters.

What Are Eaves?

The eaves are the lowest part of the roof where it meets the walls of the building.

When we talk about eaves height, we mean the height from the ground to the point where the roof begins. Roof overhangs at the eaves also help protect the walls from rainwater.

Roof height and eaves height can  affect whether a timber building falls within permitted development rights. You can find the current limits on the Planning Portal.

What Is a Gable?

A gable is the triangular section of wall at the end of a building beneath a pitched roof.

Buildings with two sloping roof faces are often described as having gable ends.

What Is a Rafter?

A rafter is one of the main structural timbers that runs from the ridge down to the eaves.

Rafters support the roof covering and transfer its weight into the walls of the building. Smaller timber buildings often use a simple rafter and ridge beam system, while wider buildings may require roof trusses for additional support.

What Is a Roof Truss?

A roof truss is a triangular framework that supports the roof over larger spans.

Because triangles are extremely strong, trusses help distribute the weight of the roof evenly while reducing sideways movement. They're made up of several structural timbers, including rafters and internal bracing.

What Is a Purlin?

A purlin is a horizontal timber that runs across the roof and supports the rafters.

Rather than running from the ridge to the eaves, purlins run along the length of the building, helping strengthen the roof structure.

What Is a Ceiling Joist?

A ceiling joist runs horizontally from one side of the building to the other.

Ceiling joists help support ceilings and tie the walls together. Depending on the building's design, they may not always be needed.

What Is a Breathable Roofing Membrane?

A breathable membrane is fitted over the rafters before the roof covering is installed.

It helps prevent rainwater from entering the building while allowing water vapour to escape, reducing the risk of condensation within the roof structure.

If you’d like to learn more about moisture control in roofs, see the Government's guidance on Approved Document C: Site preparation and resistance to contaminants and moisture.

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What Are the Main Types of Roof?

Different roof styles suit different buildings. The best option depends on the appearance you're looking for, your available space and how you plan to use the building.

What Is a Gable Roof?

A gable roof, sometimes called an apex roof, is one of the most common roof styles. It has two sloping roof faces that meet at the ridge to form the familiar inverted "V" shape.

It's a popular choice for timber garages, workshops and stables because it provides good drainage and generous internal roof space.

What Is a Hipped Roof?

A hipped roof slopes down on all four sides instead of having vertical gable ends.

This creates a softer appearance and can improve wind resistance, making it a popular option for traditional-style timber buildings.

What Is a Half-Hipped Or Barn Hip Roof?

A half-hipped roof, also known as a barn hip, combines the appearance of a gable roof with a small hip at each end.

It's a popular choice for timber carports and garages because it softens the look of the building while still giving you plenty of headroom inside.

What Is a Pent Roof?

A pent roof has a single slope rather than two roof faces.

It's a popular choice for modern garden rooms and contemporary timber buildings because it creates a clean, simple look and keeps the overall height down.

Which Roof Type Is Best?

The best roof depends on the type of building you're planning and the look you want to achieve.

• Gable (apex) roof: A popular choice for timber garages, workshops and stables, it provides plenty of headroom and allows rainwater to run off easily
• Hipped roof: A good option if you prefer a more traditional look and extra weather protection
• Half-hipped (barn hip) roof: Popular for timber carports and carriage houses because it softens the appearance while still giving you plenty of roof space
• Pent roof: A great choice for modern garden studios, home offices and other contemporary timber buildings; it creates a clean look and keeps the overall height lower.

Choosing the Right Roof for Your Timber Building

Every Olson Timber Building is made to order, so you can choose the roof style that best suits your property and the way you plan to use the building.

Whether you're looking for a timber garage, carport, workshop, garden studio or stable with a traditional gable roof, an elegant hipped roof or a contemporary pent roof, we'll help you create a timber building that's practical, durable and built to last.

Explore our roofing options to compare the different finishes available, or get in touch with our team for friendly advice about your project.